Journal
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Volume 64, Issue 2, Pages 505-513Publisher
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-180167
Keywords
Clinical subtypes; cluster analyses; dementia with Lewy bodies; Lewy bodies
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Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [FIS PI14/1561]
- Fondos FEDER (Una manera de hacer Europa)
- CIBERNED
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Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a heterogeneous disease in which clinical presentation, symptoms, and evolution widely varies between patients. Objective: To investigate the existence of clinical subtypes in DLB based on the initial clinical presentation. Methods: 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable DLB were consecutively included. All patients underwent a neurological evaluation including a structured questionnaire about neuropsychiatric symptoms and sleep, an assessment of motor impairment (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale subscale III), and a formal neuropsychological evaluation. Onset of core symptoms (hallucinations, parkinsonism, and fluctuations) and dementia were systematically reviewed from medical records. We applied a K-means clustering method based on the initial clinical presentation. Results: Cluster analysis yielded three different groups. Patients in cluster I (cognitive-predominant, n = 46) presented more frequently with cognitive symptoms (95.7%, n = 44, p < 0.001), and showed a longer duration from onset to DLB diagnosis (p < 0.001) than the other clusters. Patients in cluster II (neuropsychiatric-predominant, n = 22) were older at disease onset (78.1 +/- 5 versus 73.6 +/- 6.1 and 73.6 +/- 4.2 in clusters I and III, respectively, both p < 0.01), presented more frequently with psychotic symptoms (77.3%, n = 17), and had a shorter duration until the onset of hallucinations (p < 0.001). Patients in cluster III (parkinsonism-predominant, n = 13) showed a shorter time from onset to presence of parkinsonism (p < 0.001) and dementia (0.008). Conclusions: Three clinical subtypes of DLB can be defined when considering the differential initial presentations. The proposed subtypes have distinct clinical profiles and progression patterns.
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