Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 141, Issue 5, Pages 1570-1577Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.066
Keywords
Nasal challenge; ocular challenge; allergen challenge; provocation test; allergic rhinitis; allergic conjunctivitis; local allergic rhinitis; nonallergic rhinitis
Categories
Funding
- Genentech/Roche
- AstraZeneca
- Novartis
- Teva
- Circassia
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Nasal and ocular challenges facilitate the evaluation of subjective and objective responses to defined allergen or irritant exposure. Nasal and ocular allergen challenges are the gold standard to diagnose allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, respectively, and aid in the evaluation of novel therapies in clinical trials. Additionally, nasal and ocular allergen challenges might help identify medically relevant allergens in clinical practice. Nonspecific or irritant challenges evaluate mucosal hyperreactivity. Direct mucosal challenges, which can be performed in an office or research setting, expose the participant to higher allergen doses than common in the natural environment. Park studies and environmental chambers, which are most practical in clinical trials, more closely simulate natural allergen exposure. International consensus guidelines for nasal and ocular challenges do not exist. Therefore the positivity criteria, methodologies, and extract or allergen preparations used in challenges vary in the literature. Regardless of these limitations, nasal and ocular challenges are helpful clinical and research tools for nasal and ocular diseases.
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