Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 66, Issue 29, Pages 7597-7605Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02287
Keywords
glutamine; fipronil; amino acid transporter; AtLHT1
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2016A030313387]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31672044, 31701826]
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Creating novel pesticides with phloem mobility is essential for controlling insects in vascular tissue and root, and conjugating existing pesticides with amino acid is an effective approach. In order to obtain a highly phloem-mobile candidate for efficient pesticides, an electro-neutral L-glutamine-fipronil conjugate (L-GlnF) retaining alpha-amino acid function was designed and synthesized to fit the substrate specificity of an amino acid transporter. Cotyledon uptake and phloem loading tests with Ricinus communis have verified that L-GlnF was phloem mobile, and its phloem mobility was higher than that of its enantiomer D-GlnF and other previously reported amino acid-fipronil conjugates. Inhibition experiments then suggested that the uptake of L-GlnF was, at least partially, mediated by an active transport mechanism. This inference was further strengthened by assimilation experiments with Xenopus oocytes and genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana, which showed a direct correlation between the uptake of L-GlnF and the expression of amino acid transporter AtLHT1. Thus, conjugation with L-Gln appears to be a potential strategy to ensure the uptake of pesticides via an endogenous amino acid transport system.
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