Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 66, Issue 22, Pages 5683-5690Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01525
Keywords
rice; heavy metals; bioaccessibility; health risk assessment; Monte Carlo simulation
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2016YL002]
- Research Project (Youth Fund) of Shandong Academy of Science [2018QN0023]
- Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province, China [BE2015708]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41601540]
- Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province [BK20160859]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2014B18514]
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A systematic investigation into total and bioaccessible heavy metal concentrations in rice grains harvested from heavy metal-contaminated regions was carried out to assess the potential health risk to local residents. Arsenic, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were within acceptable levels while Cd and Ni concentrations appeared to be much higher than in other studies. The bioaccessibity of As, Cd, and Ni was high (>25%) and could be well predicted from their total concentrations. The noncarcinogenic risk posed by As and Cd was significant. The carcinogenic risk posed by all bioaccessible heavy metals at the fifth percentile was 10-fold higher than the acceptable level, and Cd and Ni were the major contributors. The contribution of each metal to the combined carcinogenic risk indicates that taking pertinent precautions for different types of cancer, aimed at individuals with different levels of exposure to heavy metals, will greatly reduce morbidity and mortality rates.
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