Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030665
Keywords
biotic stress responses; calcium; calcium signature; calmodulin; CMLs; CDPKs; plant immunity; symbiosis
Funding
- Universite Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France)
- CNRS (France)
- French Laboratory of Excellence project TULIP [ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-17-CE20-0017-01]
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Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes, leading to plant development and to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Intracellular variation in free Ca2+ concentration is among the earliest events following the plant perception of environmental change. These Ca2+ variations differ in their spatio-temporal properties according to the nature, strength and duration of the stimulus. However, their conversion into biological responses requires Ca2+ sensors for decoding and relaying. The occurrence in plants of calmodulin (CaM) but also of other sets of plant-specific Ca2+ sensors such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) indicate that plants possess specific tools and machineries to convert Ca2+ signals into appropriate responses. Here, we focus on recent progress made in monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long distance propagation during biotic interactions. The contribution of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant immune responses mounted against bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects are also presented.
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