Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030730
Keywords
Th17; Treg; balance; autoimmunity; ROR gamma t; Foxp3
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government [NRF-2017R1A2B3008621]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A2B3008621] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and pTreg cells, which share a common precursor cell (the naive CD4 T cell), require a common tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta signal for initial differentiation. However, terminally differentiated cells fulfill opposite functions: Th17 cells cause autoimmunity and inflammation, whereas Treg cells inhibit these phenomena and maintain immune homeostasis. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms that affect the Th17/Treg cell balance is critical if we are to better understand autoimmunity and tolerance. Recent studies have identified many factors that influence this balance; these factors range from signaling pathways triggered by T cell receptors, costimulatory receptors, and cytokines, to various metabolic pathways and the intestinal microbiota. This review article summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the Th17/Treg balance and its implications with respect to autoimmune disease.
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