Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D
Volume 27, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S021827181846001X
Keywords
Thermal equilibrium; gravity; temperature gradients; Tolman temperature
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Funding
- Victoria University of Wellington Ph.D. Scholarship
- Marsden Fund
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We provide a simple and clear verification of the physical need for temperature gradients in equilibrium states when gravitational fields are present. Our argument will be built in a completely kinematic manner, in terms of the gravitational redshift/blueshift of light, together with a relativistic extension of Maxwell's two column argument. We conclude by showing that it is the universality of the gravitational interaction (the uniqueness of free-fall) that ultimately permits Tolman's equilibrium temperature gradients without any violation of the laws of thermodynamics.
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