Direct synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped hierarchical porous carbon networks with biological materials as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

We described a process of the preparation of N, P co-doped hierarchical porous carbon by one-step pyrolysis of the chitosan/phytic acid (CS/PA) precursor without extra activation processes, and the nitrogen and phosphorus were successfully incorporated into the carbon framework. Experimentally, the best performance was identified with NPC-1000 which possessed the highest BET specific surface area of 1117.2 m(2) g(-1). This NPC-1000 showed a half-wave potential of 50 mV difference with commercial Pt/C, better tolerance to methanol and a superior stability comparable to commercial Pt/C catalyst. The results suggest that it is a simple, feasible, and economical route to synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon which can be used as metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction. (C) 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.