Controlled-release Fertilizer Application Rates for Container Nursery Crop Production in Southwestern Ontario, Canada

Region-specific trials examining optimum controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rates for the Canadian climate are limited. This study was conducted to determine an optimum range of CRF application rates and the effect of the application rate on growth, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) losses of six economically important container-grown woody ornamental shrubs using typical production practices at a southwestern Ontario nursery. Salix purpurea 'Nana', Weigela florida 'Alexandra', Cornus sericea 'Cardinal', Hydrangea paniculata 'Bombshell', Hibiscus syriacus 'Ardens', and Spiraea japonica 'Magic Carpet' were potted in 1-gal pots and fertilized with Polyon (R) 16N-2.6P-10K (5-6 month longevity) incorporated at rates of 0.8, 1.2, 1.7, 2.1, and 2.5 kg.m(-3) N in 2012. The experiment was repeated for the 2013 growing season with rates of CRF incorporated at 0.05, 0.35, 0.65, 0.95, and 1.25 kg.m(-3) N. Plant performance (i.e., growth index) and leachate electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were evaluated once every 3 to 4 weeks during the respective growing seasons. The amount of N and P lost to the environment was determined for the 2012 growing season. The interaction between nutrient supply rate and target species affected most response variables. Although higher levels of fertilization produced larger plants and had the potential to decrease production time, increased losses of N and P and higher EC leachate values occurred. Results of this study indicate that an acceptable range of CRF application rates can be used for each species depending on the production goals, i.e., decreased production time, maximum growth, or decreased nutrient leachate. Overall, the highest acceptable CRF rates within the optimal range were: 1.25 kg.m(-3) N for Spiraea; 1.7 kg.m(-3) N for Hydrangea; 2.1 kg.m(-3) N for Cornus; and 2.5 kg.m(-3) N for Weigela, Salix, and Hibiscus. The lowest acceptable rates within the optimal range were: 0.35 kg.m(-3) N for Hibiscus; 0.65 kg.m(-3) N for Cornus, Weigela, Saliv, and Spiraea; and 0.80 kg.m(-3) N for Hydrangea.