Decentralized and hierarchical voltage management of renewable energy resources in distribution smart grid

Since renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy have intermittent nature, they cause significant fluctuations in distribution system voltages. This paper proposes a hierarchical and decentralized voltage management method for renewable energy resources in smart distribution system of electrical energy with the participation of reactive power of these resources. In this regard, the partitioning strategy of renewable energy resources into different independent areas, the modeling of optimal coordinated control level and a novel local real-time control level for reactive power control of renewable resources have been considered. The solving solution is based on the network sensitivity matrices. Finally, the obtained results from simulating the 34-bus test system as well as PG&E 69-bus distribution system with different levels of generation and load show the efficacy of the proposed method.