Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 101, Issue -, Pages 49-53Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.05.004
Keywords
Ryanodine receptor; Reactive oxygen species; Phosphorylation; Myopathy
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Calcium release from internal stores is a quintessential event in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel is embedded in the internal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store, which releases Ca2+ into the cytoplasm, enabling contraction. Ryanodine receptors form the hub of a macromolecular complex extending from the extracellular space to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. Ryanodine receptor activity is influenced by the integrated effects of associated co-proteins, ions, and post-translational phosphor and redox modifications. In healthy muscle, ryanodine receptors are phosphorylated and redox modified to basal levels, to support cellular function. A pathological increase in the degree of both post-translational modifications disturbs intracellular Ca2+ signalling, and is implicated in various cardiac and skeletal disorders. This review summarises our current understanding of the mechanisms linking ryanodine receptor post-translational modification to heart failure and skeletal myopathy and highlights the challenges and controversies within the field
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