Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 34, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3123
Keywords
computational model; coronary circulation; flow autoregulation; transmural myocardial flow
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81611530715]
- SJTU Medical-Engineering Cross-cutting Research Foundation [YG2016MS09]
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [17-51-53160]
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Distribution of blood flow in myocardium is a key determinant of the localization and severity of myocardial ischemia under impaired coronary perfusion conditions. Previous studies have extensively demonstrated the transmural difference of ischemic vulnerability. However, it remains incompletely understood how transmural myocardial flow is regulated under in vivo conditions. In the present study, a computational model of the coronary circulation was developed to quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of transmural flow distribution to various cardiovascular and hemodynamic factors. The model was further incorporated with the flow autoregulatory mechanism to simulate the regulation of myocardial flow in the presence of coronary artery stenosis. Numerical tests demonstrated that heart rate (HR), intramyocardial tissue pressure (P-im), and coronary perfusion pressure (P-per) were the major determinant factors for transmural flow distribution (evaluated by the subendocardial-to-subepicardial (endo/epi) flow ratio) and that the flow autoregulatory mechanism played an important compensatory role in preserving subendocardial perfusion against reduced P-per. Further analysis for HR variation-induced hemodynamic changes revealed that the rise in endo/epi flow ratio accompanying HR decrease was attributable not only to the prolongation of cardiac diastole relative to systole, but more predominantly to the fall in P-im. Moreover, it was found that P-im and P-per interfered with each other with respect to their influence on transmural flow distribution. These results demonstrate the interactive effects of various cardiovascular and hemodynamic factors on transmural myocardial flow, highlighting the importance of taking into account patient-specific conditions in the explanation of clinical observations.
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