Journal
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Volume 61, Issue -, Pages 160-175Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.006
Keywords
Group A Streptococcus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Pharyngitis; Acute rheumatic fever; Rheumatic heart disease; Superantigen
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Operating Grant [MOP-142137]
- R.G.E. Murray Graduate Scholarship
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Streptococcus pyogenes is a human-specific and globally prominent bacterial pathogen that despite causing numerous human infections, this bacterium is normally found in an asymptomatic carrier state. This review provides an overview of both bacterial and human factors that likely play an important role in nasopharyngeal colonization and pharyngitis, as well as the development of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Here we highlight a recently described role for bacterial superantigens in promoting acute nasopharyngeal infection, and discuss how these immune system activating toxins could be crucial to initiate the autoimmune process in rheumatic heart disease.
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