Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 2247-2261Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2018.2790912
Keywords
Channel measurements; FDD; Massive MIMO; performance; TDD
Funding
- Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union [619086]
- ELLIIT-an Excellence Center, Linkoping-Lund in Information Technology
- Swedish Research Council (VR)
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)
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Downlink beamforming in Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) either relies on uplink pilot measurements-exploiting reciprocity and time-division duplexing operation, or on the use of a predetermined grid of beams with user equipments reporting their preferred beams, mostly in frequency-division duplexing operation. Massive MIMO in its originally conceived form uses the first strategy, with uplink pilots, whereas there is currently significant commercial interest in the second, grid-of-beams. It has been analytically shown that with isotropic scattering (independent Rayleigh fading) the first approach outperforms the second. Nevertheless, there remains controversy regarding their relative performance in practical channels. In this contribution, the performances of these two strategies are compared using measured channel data at 2.6 GHz.
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