Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
Volume 33, Issue 2, Pages 1868-1881Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2741920
Keywords
Distribution systems; optimizationwith feedback; real-time optimization; virtual power plants
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under the Network Optimized Distributed Energy Systems Program
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This paper develops a real-time algorithmic framework for aggregations of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks to provide regulation services in response to transmission-level requests. Leveraging online primal-dual-type methods for time-varying optimization problems and suitable linearizations of the nonlinear AC power-flow equations, this work establishes a system-theoretic foundation to realize the vision of distribution-level virtual power plants. The optimization framework controls the output powers of dispatchable DERs such that, in aggregate, they respond to automatic generation control and/or regulation-services commands. This is achieved while concurrently regulating voltages within the feeder and maximizing customers' and utility's performance objectives. Convergence and tracking capabilities are analytically established under suitable modeling assumptions. Simulations are provided to validate the proposed approach.
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