Journal
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
Volume 15, Issue 7, Pages 3687-3701Publisher
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-3687-2015
Keywords
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Funding
- USA National Science Foundation
- German Max Planck Society
- CNPq
- FAPESP
- NASA
- NOAA
- CNPq [552831/2006-9]
- FAPESP [2008/58100-2, 2010/52658-1, 2011/50170-4, 2012/14437-9]
- NERC [NE/J023515/1, ncas10006] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [ncas10006, NE/J023515/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1249565] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [10/52658-1, 12/14437-9, 08/58100-2] Funding Source: FAPESP
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Real-time mass spectra of the non-refractory species in submicron aerosol particles were recorded in a tropical rainforest in the central Amazon Basin during the wet season from February to March 2008, as a part of the Amazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment (AMAZE-08). Organic material accounted on average for more than 80% of the non-refractory submicron particle mass concentrations during the period of measurements. There was insufficient ammonium to neutralize sulfate. In this acidic, isoprene-rich, HO2-dominant environment, positive-matrix factorization of the time series of particle mass spectra identified four statistical factors to account for the 99% of the variance in the signal intensities of the organic constituents. The first factor was identified as associated with regional and local pollution and labeled HOA for its hydrocarbon-like characteristics. A second factor was associated with long-range transport and labeled OOA-1 for its oxygenated characteristics. A third factor, labeled OOA-2, was implicated as associated with the reactive uptake of isoprene oxidation products, especially of epoxydiols to acidic haze, fog, or cloud droplets. A fourth factor, labeled OOA-3, was consistent with an association with the fresh production of secondary organic material (SOM) by the mechanism of gasphase oxidation of biogenic volatile organic precursors followed by gas-to-particle conversion of the oxidation products. The suffixes 1, 2, and 3 on the OOA labels signify ordinal ranking with respect to the extent of oxidation represented by the factor. The process of aqueous-phase oxidation of water-soluble products of gas-phase photochemistry might also have been associated to some extent with the OOA-2 factor. The campaign-average factor loadings had a ratio of 1.4 : 1 for OOA-2 : OOA-3, suggesting the comparable importance of particle-phase compared to gas-phase pathways for the production of SOM during the study period.
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