Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages 5087-5099Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TII.2018.2806889
Keywords
Control; data center; demand response (DR); energy storage; heating ventilation air conditioning
Categories
Funding
- Federal Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF) [FKZ 03SF0490]
- Flexible Electrical Networks (FEN) Research Campus
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This paper presents a framework for the optimal operation of data centers, leveraging their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning unit, delay-tolerant information technology workload and battery storage system for participating in demand response programs. In this context, an model predictive control based control framework has been developed that guarantees the reliable operation of the data centers core activities. We derive a modeling approach to represent the dynamics of the data centers subsystems and validate it for a data center test bed via practical experiments. Hereby, the thermal subsystem leads to deviations of less than 0.60 K in the modeled outlet temperature. The validated model is used for incremental prototyping of the proposed control via simulations under uncertainties. The results demonstrate a mean absolute error of the relative deviations between the data center consumption and the target load profile of 2.71% for an incentive-based scenario and a cost reduction of 3.86% for a price-based scenario.
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