A Compact Modular Multilevel DC-DC Converter for High Step-Ratio MV and HV Use

In multi-terminal dc networks or future dc grids, there is an important role for high step-ratio dcdc conversion to interface a high-voltage network to lower voltage infeeds or offtakes. The efficiency and controllability of dc-dc conversion will be expected to be similar to modular multilevel ac-dc converters. This paper presents a modular multilevel dc-dc converter with a high stepratio for medium-voltage and high-voltage applications. Its topology on the high-voltage side is derived from the halfbridge single-phase inverter with stacks of sub-modules (SMs) replacing each of the switch positions. A near-squarewave current operation is proposed, which achieves nearconstant instantaneous power for single-phase conversion, leading to reduced stack capacitor and filter volume and also increasing the power device utilization. A controller for energy balancing and current tracking is designed. The soft-switching operation on the low-voltage side is demonstrated. The high step-ratio is accomplished by combination of inherent half-bridge ratio, SM stack modulation, and transformer turns ratio, which also offers flexibility to satisfy wide-range conversion requirements. The theoretical analysis of this converter is verified by simulation of a full-scale 40 MW, 200 kV converter with 146 SMs and also through experimental testing of a down-scaled prototype at 4.5 kW, 1.5 kV with 18 SMs.