Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
Volume 56, Issue 3, Pages 1555-1565Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2765248
Keywords
Cross polarization; denoising; scalloping; Sentinel-1; Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR); thermal noise
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The intensity of a Sentinel-1 Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans synthetic aperture radar image is disturbed by additive thermal noise, particularly in the crosspolarization channel. Although the European Space Agency provides calibrated noise vectors for noise power subtraction, residual noise contributions are significant when considering the relatively narrow backscattering distribution of the crosspolarization channel. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of noise and propose an efficient method for noise reduction based on a three-step correction process comprised of azimuth descalloping, noise scaling and interswath power balancing, and local residual noise power compensation. The core idea is to find the optimal correction coefficients resulting in the most noise-uncorrelated gentle backscatter profile over a homogeneous region and to combine them with the scalloping gain for a reconstruction of the complete 2-D noise field. Denoising is accomplished by subtracting the reconstructed noise field from the original image. The performance improvement in some applications by adopting the denoising procedure shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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