Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
Volume 65, Issue 12, Pages 1974-1978Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TCSII.2018.2794299
Keywords
Reconfigurable switched capacitor; DC-DC converter; maximum power point tracking (MPPT); energy harvesting (EH); thermoelectric generator (TEG); power management
Categories
Funding
- Intel
- Silicon Labs
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This brief introduces an integrated energy harvester system targeting Internet of Things sensor applications such as a wireless temperature sensor. The proposed design provides 1-V regulated voltage boosting the input voltage (0.27-1 V) from a thermoelectric generator (TEG). To ensure the maximum power extraction, the proposed energy harvester includes multiple circuit level techniques. First, the reconfigurable capacitor charge pump distributes on-chip capacitors to required step-up stages. This approach optimizes the silicon area by utilizing 100% of on-chip capacitors regardless of charge pump conversion gain. Second, the design is capable of 3-D maximum power point tracking, matching a source impedance to input impedance of the energy harvester. Thus, the proposed design is able to extract power from a small form factor TEG, having low source impedance. The reconfigurable capacitor charge pump has the highest power density while delivering power up to 500 mu W. Experimental results show end-to-end power efficiency of 64% @ 1-V output voltage, and an input impedance matching range of 1 Omega-5 k Omega. The energy harvester was fabricated in 130-nm CMOS standard technology with an active area of 0.835 mm(2).
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