4.6 Article

Sparse Ultrasound Image Reconstruction From a Shape-Sensing Single-Element Forward-Looking Catheter

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 65, Issue 10, Pages 2210-2218

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2787060

Keywords

Ultrasound; IVUS; optical shape sensing; normalized convolution; chronic total occlusion

Funding

  1. Dutch Technology Foundation STW, part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research - Ministry of Economic Affairs [12710]

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Objective: Minimally invasive procedures, such as intravascular and intracardiac interventions, may benefit from guidance with forward-looking (FL) ultrasound. In this work, we investigate FL ultrasound imaging using a single-element transducer integrated in a steerable catheter, together with an optical shape sensing (OSS) system. Methods: We tested the feasibility of the proposed device by imaging the surface of a tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom and an ex vivo human carotid plaque. While manually steering the catheter tip, ultrasound A-lines are acquired at 60 Hz together with the catheter shape from the OSS system, resulting in a two-dimensional sparse and irregularly sampled data set. We implemented an adaptive Normalized Convolution (NC) algorithm to interpolate the sparse data set by applying an anisotropic Gaussian kernel that is rotated according to the local direction of the catheter scanning pattern. To choose the Gaussian widths tangential (sigma(t)) and normal (sigma(n)) to the scanning pattern, an exhaustive search was implemented based on RMSE computation on simulated data. Results: Simulations showed that the sparse data set contains only 5% of the original information. The chosen widths, sigma(n) = 250 mu m and sigma(t) = 100 mu m, are used to successfully reconstruct the surface of the phantom with a contrast ratio of 0.9. The same kernel is applied successfully to the carotid plaque data. Conclusion: The proposed approach enables FL imaging with a single ultrasound element, mounted on a steerable device. Significance: This principle may find application in a variety of image-guided interventions, such as chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization.

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