Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 66-77Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2833075
Keywords
Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS); geophysical model function (GMF); Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R); ocean surface wind speed
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Funding
- NASA Science Mission Directorate [NNL13AQ00C]
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Geophysical model functions (GMFs) are developed which map the Level 1 observables made by the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) radar receivers to ocean surface wind speed. The observables are: 1) the normalized bistatic radar cross section (sigma(o)) of the ocean surface; and 2) the slope of the leading edge of the radar return pulse scattered by the ocean surface. GMFs are empirically derived from measurements by CYGNSS which are nearly coincident with independent estimates of the 10-m-referenced ocean surface wind speed (u(10)). Two different sources of ground truth wind speed are considered: numerical weather prediction model outputs and measurements by the NOAA P-3 hurricane hunter during eyewall penetrations of major hurricanes. The GMFs derived in each case have significant differences that are believed to result from differences in the state of development of the long wave portion of the ocean surface height spectrum that result from characteristic differences in wave age and fetch length near versus far from a hurricane.
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