Indwelling pleural catheters

Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) are increasingly used in clinical practice. They are often accepted as a first- line treatment option for patients with malignant pleural effusion. IPCs are inserted as a day case and afford patients autonomous relief of symptoms in the outpatient setting. They also offer scope for ongoing study, monitoring and treatment of malignant pleural effusion, as well as a role in benign effusion management. This paper provides an overview of the rationale and principles of IPC use, describing practical aspects and outlining potential future developments destined to address current voids in knowledge.