Journal
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
Volume 213, Issue 3, Pages 1785-1791Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggy092
Keywords
Acoustic-gravity waves; Time-series analysis; Earthquake monitoring and testban treaty verification; Wave propagation
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Funding
- VIDI project from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [864.14.005]
- ARISE2 project from the European Commission H2020 program [653980]
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Supersonic rockets generate low-frequency acoustic waves, that is, infrasound, during the launch and re-entry. Infrasound is routinely observed at infrasound arrays from the International Monitoring System, in place for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Association and source identification are key elements of the verification system. The moving nature of a rocket is a defining criterion in order to distinguish it from an isolated explosion. Here, it is shown how infrasound recordings can be associated, which leads to identification of the rocket. Propagation modelling is included to further constrain the source identification. Four rocket launches by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 2009 and 2017 are analysed in which multiple arrays detected the infrasound. Source identification in this region is important for verification purposes. It is concluded that with a passive monitoring technique such as infrasound, characteristics can be remotely obtained on sources of interest, that is, infrasonic intelligence, over 4500 + km.
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