4.7 Article

The peopling of South America and the trans-Andean gene flow of the first settlers

Journal

GENOME RESEARCH
Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages 767-779

Publisher

COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/gr.234674.118

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Proyecto de Investigacion en Salud, Accion Estrategica en Salud) - FEDER [GePEM ISCIII/PI16/01478]
  2. FEDER [ReSVinext ISCIII/PI16/01569]
  3. Conselleria de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia [RHI07/2, PS09749, 10PXIB918184PR]
  4. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Intensificacion de la actividad investigadora) [PI16/01569]
  5. Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS) del plan nacional de I + D + I [PI070069/PI1000540]
  6. 'fondos FEDER'
  7. Grupo Gallego de Genetica Vacunas Infecciones y Pediatria [2016-PG071, 2016GI-1344 G3VIP, ED341D R2016/021]
  8. University of Pavia strategic theme Towards a governance model for international migration: an interdisciplinary and diachronic perspective (MIGRAT-IN-G)
  9. Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research: Progetti Futuro in Ricerca
  10. Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research: Progetti Futuro in Ricerca [RBFR126B8I]
  11. Progetti Ricerca Interesse Nazionale
  12. Dipartimenti di Eccellenza Program -Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia
  13. ERC Consolidator Grant: CoG [648535]
  14. European Research Council (ERC) [648535] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)

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Genetic and archaeological data indicate that the initial Paleoindian settlers of South America followed two entry routes separated by the Andes and the Amazon rainforest. The interactions between these paths and their impact on the peopling of South America remain unclear. Analysis of genetic variation in the Peruvian Andes and regions located south of the Amazon River might provide clues on this issue. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA variation at different Andean locations and >360,000 autosomal SNPs from 28 Native American ethnic groups to evaluate different trans-Andean demographic scenarios. Our data reveal that the Peruvian Altiplano was an important enclave for early Paleoindian expansions and point to a genetic continuity in the Andes until recent times, which was only marginally affected by gene flow from the Amazonian lowlands. Genomic variation shows a good fit with the archaeological evidence, indicating that the genetic interactions between the descendants of the settlers that followed the Pacific and Atlantic routes were extremely limited.

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