Journal
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 427-433Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy014
Keywords
eukaryote tree of life; concatenated phylogenetic analysis; protist; site-heterogeneous models
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Funding
- NSERC [298366-2014, 2016-06792]
- Canada Research Chairs program
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Environmental Biology (DEB) grant [1456054]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [15H05606, 15K14591, 23117006, 16H04826, 15H04411, 15H05231]
- Tree of Life research project (University of Tsukuba)
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1456054] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16H04826, 15K14591, 15H04411, 15H05606] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Recent phylogenetic analyses position certain orphan protist lineages deep in the tree of eukaryotic life, but their exact placements are poorly resolved. We conducted phylogenomic analyses that incorporate deeply sequenced transcriptomes from representatives of collodictyonids (diphylleids), rigifilids, Mantamonas, and ancyromonads (planomonads). Analyses of 351 genes, using site-heterogeneous mixture models, strongly support a novel super-group-level clade that includes collodictyonids, rigifilids, and Mantamonas, which we name CRuMs. Further, they robustly place CRuMs as the closest branch to Amorphea (including animals and fungi). Ancyromonads are strongly inferred to be more distantly related to Amorphea than are CRuMs. They emerge either as sister to malawimonads, or as a separate deeper branch. CRuMs and ancyromonads represent two distinct major groups that branch deeply on the lineage that includes animals, near the most commonly inferred root of the eukaryote tree. This makes both groups crucial in examinations of the deepest-level history of extant eukaryotes.
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