Journal
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Volume 44, Issue 2, Pages 218-243Publisher
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2015.1013353
Keywords
resource recovery; waste; anaerobic digestion; recycling; circular economies
Funding
- UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) [RES 000-23-0007]
- UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Council (EPSRC) 'Bridging the Gap' [EP/J501323/1]
- ESRC [ES/E002196/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Economic and Social Research Council [ES/E002196/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J501323/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The concept of the circular economy has gained increasing prominence in academic, practitioner and policy circles and is linked to greening economies and sustainable development. However, the idea is more often celebrated than critically interrogated. Analysis shows the concept circulates as an idea and ideal, exemplified by industrial symbiosis and extended product life. Yet, its actual enactment is limited and fragile. Instead, circular economies are achieved mostly through global recycling networks which are the primary means by which wastes are recovered as resources. European policies eschew these circuits. Resource recovery through global recycling networks is regarded as a dirty and illegal trade. In its place, EU circular economies attempt to transform wastes into resources within the boundaries of the EU. Through an analysis of two case studies of resource recovery in the United Kingdom, we highlight the challenges that confront making circular economies within the EU, showing that these are borne of a conjuncture of politically created markets, material properties and morally defined materials circuits. We show resource recovery in the EU to be framed by moral economies, driven by discourses of ecological modernization, environmental justice and resource (in)security, the last of which connects to China's resource-intensive development.
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