Journal
FUTURE VIROLOGY
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 715-730Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.31
Keywords
codon deoptimization; codon-pair bias; codon usage bias; inactivated influenza vaccines; influenza A virus; influenza reverse genetics; live attenuated influenza virus; recombinant influenza vaccine; synthetic attenuated virus engineering
Categories
Funding
- NIH Immunology Training Grant [T32 AI 007285-26]
- NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance [CEIRS HHSN266200700008C]
- University of Rochester
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Vaccination represents the best option to protect humans against influenza virus. However, improving the effectiveness of current vaccines could better stifle the health burden caused by viral infection. Protein synthesis from individual genes can be downregulated by synthetically deoptimizing a gene's codon usage. With more rapid and affordable nucleotide synthesis, generating viruses that contain genes with deoptimized codons is now feasible. Attenuated, vaccine-candidate viruses can thus be engineered with hitherto uncharacterized properties. With eight gene segments, influenza A viruses with variably recoded genomes can produce a spectrum of attenuation that is contingent on the gene segment targeted and the number of codon changes. This review summarizes different targets and approaches to deoptimize influenza A virus codons for novel vaccine generation.
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