4.1 Article

Can nuclear weapons fallout mark the beginning of the Anthropocene Epoch?

Journal

BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS
Volume 71, Issue 3, Pages 46-57

Publisher

ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0096340215581357

Keywords

Anthropocene; golden spike; nuclear weapons fallout; radioactive isotope; radiogenic signature; Trinity test

Funding

  1. British Geological Survey (BGS), Natural Environment Research Council
  2. BGS's Engineering Geology science program
  3. NERC [bgs05001] Funding Source: UKRI
  4. Natural Environment Research Council [bgs05001] Funding Source: researchfish
  5. Directorate For Geosciences
  6. Division Of Earth Sciences [1226297, GRANTS:13796640] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

Ask authors/readers for more resources

Many scientists are making the case that humanity is living in a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, but there is no agreement yet as to when this epoch began. The start might be defined by a historical event, such as the beginning of the fossil-fueled Industrial Revolution or the first nuclear explosion in 1945. Standard stratigraphic practice, however, requires a more significant, globally widespread, and abrupt signature, and the fallout from nuclear weapons testing appears most suitable. The appearance of plutonium 239 (used in post-1945 above-ground nuclear weapons tests) makes a good marker: This isotope is rare in nature but a significant component of fallout. It has other features to recommend it as a stable marker in layers of sedimentary rock and soil, including: long half-life, low solubility, and high particle reactivity. It may be used in conjunction with other radioactive isotopes, such as americium 241 and carbon 14, to categorize distinct fallout signatures in sediments and ice caps. On a global scale, the first appearance of plutonium 239 in sedimentary sequences corresponds to the early 1950s. While plutonium is easily detectable over the entire Earth using modern measurement techniques, a site to define the Anthropocene (known as a golden spike) would ideally be located between 30 and 60 degrees north of the equator, where fallout is maximal, within undisturbed marine or lake environments.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.1
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available