Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 122, Issue -, Pages 52-64Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.033
Keywords
Singlet oxygen; Hydrogen peroxide; Photosynthesis; Chloroplast-to-nucleus communication; Retrograde signalling; ROS-mediated signalling; High light; Mitochondria; Peroxisomes; Microdomains; Redox relay; Thiol peroxidases; Yeast; Animal cells; Plant cells
Funding
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I020071/1, BB/P026656/1]
- BBSRC [BB/I020071/1, BB/P026656/1, BB/N001311/1, BB/I020004/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Like all aerobic organisms, plants and algae co-opt reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signalling molecules to drive cellular responses to changes in their environment. In this respect, there is considerable commonality between all eukaryotes imposed by the constraints of ROS chemistry, similar metabolism in many subcellular compartments, the requirement for a high degree of signal specificity and the deployment of thiol peroxidases as transducers of oxidising equivalents to regulatory proteins. Nevertheless, plants and algae carry out specialised signalling arising from oxygenic photosynthesis in chloroplasts and photoautotropism, which often induce an imbalance between absorption of light energy and the capacity to use it productively. A key means of responding to this imbalance is through communication of chloroplasts with the nucleus to adjust cellular metabolism. Two ROS, singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), initiate distinct signalling pathways when photosynthesis is perturbed. O-1(2), because of its potent reactivity means that it initiates but does not transduce signalling. In contrast, the lower reactivity of H2O2 means that it can also be a mobile messenger in a spatially-defined signalling pathway. How plants translate a H2O2 message to bring about changes in gene expression is unknown and therefore, we draw on information from other eukaryotes to propose a working hypothesis. The role of these ROS generated in other subcellular compartments of plant cells in response to HL is critically considered alongside other eukaryotes. Finally, the responses of animal cells to oxidative stress upon high irradiance exposure is considered for new comparisons between plant and animal cells.
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