Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 252, Issue -, Pages 285-293Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.113
Keywords
Calcium; Magnesium; Micro-minerals; Bile-acid complexation; Soap-formation; Carotenoids; Bioaccessibility; Fatty acids
Funding
- EU-COST action EUROCAROTEN [CA-1536]
- EU-COST action POSITIVE [FA 1403]
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Several divalent minerals, including the macroelements calcium and magnesium, are essential nutrients for humans. However, their intake, especially via high-dose supplements, has been suspected to reduce the availability of lipophilic dietary constituents, including lipids, liposoluble vitamins, and several phytochemicals such as carotenoids. These constituents require emulsification in order to be bioavailable, and high divalent mineral concentrations may perturb this process, due to precipitations of free fatty acids or bile salt complexation, both pivotal for mixed micelle formation. Though in part based on in vitro or indirect evidence, it appears likely that high-dose supplements of divalent minerals around or even below their recommended dietary allowance perturb the availability of certain liposoluble miroconstituents, in addition to reducing absorption of dietary lipids/cholesterol. In this review, we investigate possible negative influences of divalent minerals, including trace elements (iron, zinc), on the digestion and intestinal uptake of lipophilic dietary constituents, with a focus on carotenoids.
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