Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 249, Issue -, Pages 66-76Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.055
Keywords
Lutein; cis-Isomers; Isomerization; Antioxidant activity; Bioaccessibility; Cellular uptake; Caco-2 cells
Funding
- Abase fund of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada [J-000283.001.01]
- Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province [BE2017374]
- National Key Technology R&D Program for the 13th five-year plan [2017BAD33B05]
- Jiangsu province Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control industry development program
- China Scholarship Council through the Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada-Ministry of Education of China (AAFC-MOE) Ph.D. Research Program
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A rapid method for producing 9Z- and 13'Z-isomers from all-E-lutein was developed using I-TiO2 as catalyst. In a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, both trans-cis isomerization of all-E-lutein and cis-trans isomerization of Z-luteins occurred during the intestinal phase. The bioaccessibility of all isomers was between 14 and 23%, and it was higher for Z-luteins. In a Caco-2 cell monolayer model, all isomers were relatively stable during cellular uptake and transport across the membrane as no significant isomerization and degradation was detected, but all-E-lutein exhibited significantly higher cellular uptake and transport efficiencies. These results suggest that Z-luteins found in human plasma may likely be formed before intestinal absorption. 13'Z-Lutein also exhibited highest antioxidant activity in FRAP, DPPH and ORAC-L assays, but no significant difference in cell-based antioxidant assay compared with other isomers. Future studies on the different antioxidant activities of cis isomers of lutein in vivo will provide further explanation.
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