Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 240, Issue -, Pages 1028-1038Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.003
Keywords
Hydroxycinnamate derivatives; Flavonols; Yerba mate; Bioavailability; LC-MS-QToF; Colonic microbiota
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO-FEDER) [AGL2010-18269, AGL2015-69986-R]
- CSIC
- European Social Fund
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [BES2008-007138]
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Bioavailability of yerba mate phenolic compounds was assessed in healthy humans. More than 34 metabolites were identified in biological fluids, mainly sulfated conjugates of caffeic and ferulic/isoferulic acids, in addition to non-metabolized caffeoyl-,feruloyl- and p-coumaroilquinic acids, with rapid appearance and clearance in plasma indicative of small intestinal absorption. These compounds amounted to 13.1% of the urinary metabolites. Delayed absorption of dihydrocaffeic, dihydroferulic and dihydrocoumaric acids and their phase II metabolites, in addition to feruloylglycine, pointed to their microbial origin and colonic absorption, accounting for 81.0% of excreted metabolites. Phase II flavonol metabolites (0.2%) derived mainly from rutin after colonic transformation and absorption were also detected. Additionally, dihydroferuloyl-, dihydrocaffeoyl- and dihy-drocoumaroylquinic acids (5.7%) were identified, showing the most delayed kinetics. Total phenolic excretion (147.6 mu mol) corresponded to 13.2% of ingested phenols. In conclusion, yerba mate polyphenols are partially bioavailable and extensively metabolized, mainly by the colonic microbiota.
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