4.1 Article

Irreconcilable Differences Political Culture and Gender Violence during the Chilean Transition to Democracy

Journal

LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES
Volume 42, Issue 3, Pages 52-72

Publisher

SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0094582X15570884

Keywords

Gender violence; Reconciliation; Justice; Memory; Chile

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The politics of national reconciliation during the transitional period of the 1990s in Chile constructed a hegemonic framework that affected discourses in other domains in multilayered ways. In order to achieve consensus among its various factions, the Concertacion used reconciliation discourse to portray the nation as a family, and potentially divisive issues were framed in the most apolitical, ahistorical, and technical way. In this context, gender violence was construed as a matter of family and individual liberties, and the objective of the first family violence law was maintaining the family intact. The framework of reconciliation and its association with Christian forgiveness and family unity promoted the use of conciliation rather than sentencing as the primary means of settling domestic violence disputes and made it difficult for those affected by gender violence to achieve justice. However, the foundational discourses of the 1990s served an important purpose in opening up discursive spaces on gender violence that could be further refined. Las politicas de reconciliacion nacional durante el periodo de transicion de los 1990 en Chile armaron un marco hegemonico que afecto el discurso en otros campos de multiples maneras. Para lograr el consenso entre sus diferentes facciones, la Concertacion uso el discurso de la reconciliacion para describir la nacion como una familia y los temas que pudieran suscitar discrepancias fueron enmarcados de la manera mas apolitica, ahistorica y tecnica. En este contexto, la violencia de genero fue interpretada como una cuestion de libertades individuales y de la familia, y el objetivo de la primera ley sobre violencia familiar fue mantener a la familia unida. El marco de reconciliacion y su asociacion con el perdon cristiano y la unidad familiar promovieron el uso de la conciliacion en lugar de la sancion penal como el medio principal para resolver las disputas de violencia domestica. Esto hizo dificil que aquellas personas afectadas por la violencia de genero recibieran justicia. Sin embargo, los discursos fundacionales de los 1990 sirvieron para abrir mas espacios de discusion sobre la violencia de genero, y esto es algo que podria ser profundizado.

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