Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 118, Issue -, Pages 390-398Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.049
Keywords
E-cigarette; Nicotine; Gingival fibroblasts; Apoptosis; Cell; Migration; Wound healing
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Funding
- Fonds Emile Beaulieu, Laval University Foundation
- [RGP-VPP-260]
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In an effort to reduce smoking-related diseases, alternative products such as e-cigarettes have been proposed. However, despite their growing popularity, the potential toxicity of e-cigarettes remains largely unknown. In this study, human gingival fibroblasts were repeatedly exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and to nicotine-rich (NR) or nicotine-free (NF) e-vapor condensates for 60 min once a day for various time periods. They were then used to perform different analyses. Results indicate that cells exposed to CSC or NR condensates showed an altered morphology and a reduced proliferation rate, as ascertained by MTT and BrdU assays. Fibroblast cultures exposed to either CSC or e-vapor condensates also showed increased levels of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, compared to that recorded in the control. Furthermore, the cell scratch test revealed that repeated exposures to CSC or to e-vapor condensates delayed both fibroblast migration and wound healing. It should be noted that CSC was much more damageable to gingival fibroblasts than were the NR and NF e-vapor condensates. The representative chain of damage thus translates to CSC > NR e-vapor condensate > NF e-vapor condensate.
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