Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 7, Issue 43, Pages 24191-24196Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07547
Keywords
alpha-iron oxide; inheritance of a crystallographic orientation; conversion mechanism; high-angle annular dark-field imaging; lithium-ion battery
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 Project) [2013CB932901]
- National Natural Foundation of China [11274066, 51172047, 51102050, U1330118]
- Shanghai Pujiang Program
- Shu Guang project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission
- Shanghai Education Development Foundation [09SG01]
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Iron oxides are very promising anode materials based on conversion reactions for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). During conversion processes, the crystal structure and composition of the electrode material are drastically changed. Surprisingly, in our study, inheritance of a crystallographic orientation was found during lithiation/delithiation processes of single-crystal alpha-Fe2O3 nanocubes by ex situ transmission electron microscopy. Single-crystal alpha-Fe2O3 was first transformed into numerous Fe nanograins embedded in a Li2O matrix, and then the conversion between Fe and FeO nanograins became the main reversible electrochemical reaction for energy storage. Interestingly, these Fe/FeO nanograins had almost the same crystallographic orientation, indicating that the lithiated/delithiated products can inherit the crystallographic orientation of single-crystal alpha-Fe2O3. This finding is important for understanding the detailed electrochemical conversion processes of iron oxides, and this feature may also exist during lithiation/delithiation processes of other transition-metal oxides.
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