Journal
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 72, Issue -, Pages 470-476Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.004
Keywords
Neutrophil extracellular traps; Histone; Elastase; Cynoglossus semilaevis; Antimicrobial
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41576150, 31330081]
- AoShan Talents Program - Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology [2015ASTP]
- Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province
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Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a form of extracellular antimicrobial structure of neutrophils observed in higher and lower vertebrates, the latter including the teleost fish tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of fish NETs is unknown. In the present study, we examined the potential contribution of histones and elastases to the antibacterial effect of tongue sole NETs. For this purpose, two histones (CsH2B and CsH4) and two elastases (CsElal and CsEla2) of tongue sole were investigated. The histones and elastases possess the conserved domain structures characteristic of that of histones H2B/H4 and trypsin-like serine protease, respectively. Recombinant CsH2B, CsH4, CsElal, and CsEla2 bound a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and some of the bound bacteria were inhibited in growth by the bound histones/elastases. CsH2B, CsH4, CsElal, and CsEla2 were all localized in NETs induced by various stimuli including bacterial pathogen. Treatment of NETs with antibodies targeting CsH2B, CsH4, CsElal, and CsEla2 significantly reduced the antimicrobial effect of NETs. These results indicate that histones and chymotrypsin-like elastases are fundamental components of teleost NETs that play important roles in the antimicrobial activity of NETs.
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