Comparison of the prevalence of chronic endometritis as determined by means of different diagnostic methods in women with and without reproductive failure

Objective: To compare the prevalence of chronic endometritis (CE) when different diagnostic methods are used. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: University-affiliated hospital. Patient(s): Four groups of women were studied, including women with proven fertility (Fertile; n = 40), unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM; n = 93), recurrent implantation failure (RIF; n = 39), and infertile subjects undergoing endometrial scratch in a natural cycle preceding frozen-thawed embryo transfer (Infertility; n = 48). Intervention(s): Endometrial biopsy was performed precisely 7 days after LH surge (LH+7). Plasma cells were identified by means of traditional hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Syndecan-1 (CD138). Main Outcome Measure(s): Prevalence of CE. Result(s): The use of CD138 epitope was more sensitive than HE staining in identifying plasma cells. The use of plasma cell count per unit area had the lowest observer variability compared with cell count per ten randomly chosen high-power fields and cell count per section. Using this method, the prevalence of CE in women with RM, RIF, and Infertility were 10.8%, 7.7%, and 10.4%, respectively, not significantly higher than that of Fertile subjects (5.0%). Conclusion(s): Using what may be a new method of plasma cell assessment, it appears that the prevalence rates of CE reported in many earlier studies may have been overestimated. (C) 2018 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.