Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 45, Pages 35852-35857Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04409j
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Funding
- FEDER
- FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PEST-C/FIS/UI607/2014, PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2014]
- Matepro -Optimizing Materials and Processes [NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000037]
- FCT [SFRH/BPD/96227/2013, SFRH/BD/88397/2012, SFRH/BD/90215/2012, SFRH/BPD/64958/2009]
- Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), under the Quadro de Referencia Estrategico Nacional (QREN)
- Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), through the Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/90215/2012, Incentivo/QUI/UI0686/2014, Incentivo/FIS/UI0607/2014, SFRH/BPD/64958/2009] Funding Source: FCT
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Magnetoelectric microspheres based on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 (CFO), a novel morphology for polymer-based ME materials, have been developed by an electrospray process. The CFO nanoparticle content in the (3-7 mu m diameter) microspheres reaches values up to 27 wt%, despite their concentration in the starting solution reaching values up to 70 wt%. Additionally, the inclusion of magnetostrictive nanoparticles into the polymer spheres has no relevant effect on the piezoelectric beta-phase content (approximate to 60%), crystallinity (40%) and the onset degradation temperature (460-465 degrees C) of the polymer matrix. The multiferroic microspheres show a maximum piezoelectric response vertical bar d(33)vertical bar 30 pC N-1, leading to a magnetoelectric response of Delta vertical bar d(33)vertical bar approximate to 5 pC N-1 obtained when a 220 mT DC magnetic field was applied. It is also shown that the interface between CFO nanoparticles and PVDF (from 0 to 55%) has a strong influence on the ME response of the microspheres. The simplicity and the scalability of the processing method suggest a large application potential of this novel magnetoelectric geometry in areas such as tissue engineering, sensors and actuators.
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