Journal
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
Volume 108, Issue -, Pages 1-6Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.015
Keywords
Power output; Power training; Resistance training; Strength training; Healthy aging; Skeletal muscle
Categories
Funding
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Government of Spain [DEP2015-69386-R]
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)
- FEDER funds from the European Union [CB16/10/00477, CB16/10/00456]
- Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte [FPU014/05106]
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Introduction: The actual mechanisms leading to a reduced muscle power and functional ability in older adults are poorly understood. We investigated the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles and impaired muscle power, physical and cognitive function, frailty, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. Methods: Physical function (habitual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, sit-to-stand and stair-climbing ability), cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty were evaluated in 31 older subjects (70-85 years). The F-V relationship and maximal muscle power (P-max) were assessed in the leg press exercise. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were obtained from DXA scans and accelerometry, respectively. Results: While some subjects showed a force deficit (F-DEF), others presented a velocity deficit (V-DEF), both leading to an impaired muscle power [Effect size (ES) = 1.30-1.44], and to a likely-very likely moderate harmful effect in their physical and cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty levels (except the V-DEF group for cognitive function) [ES = 0.76-1.05]. Leg muscle mass and specific force were similarly associated with force at P-max, while MVPA but not sedentary time was related to fat index, force at P-max, and power values (all p < 0.05). A trend was found for the negative association between fat index and relative P-max (p = 0.075). Conclusion: Older subjects exhibited different mechanisms (force vs. velocity deficits) leading to impaired muscle power. Both deficits were associated with a lower physical function and quality of life, and a higher frailty, whereas only a force deficit was associated with a lower cognitive function. Interventions aimed at reversing age- and/or disuse-related impairments of muscle power might evaluate the specific responsible mechanism and act accordingly.
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