Post-contrast acute kidney injury - Part 1: Definition, clinical features, incidence, role of contrast medium and risk factors

The Contrast Media Safety Committee (CMSC) of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) has updated its 2011 guidelines on the prevention of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI). The results of the literature review and the recommendations based on it, which were used to prepare the new guidelines, are presented in two papers. Topics reviewed include the terminology used, the best way to measure eGFR, the definition of PC-AKI, and the risk factors for PC-AKI, including whether the risk with intravenous and intra-arterial contrast medium differs. PC-AKI is the preferred term for renal function deterioration after contrast medium. PC-AKI has many possible causes. The risk of AKI caused by intravascular contrast medium has been overstated. Important patient risk factors for PC-AKI are CKD and dehydration.