Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 58, Issue 3, Pages 1247-1258Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1649-6
Keywords
24-h dietary recall; Dietary sugar; Sugar biomarker; Urine sugars; Validity coefficient
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Funding
- European Commission within the Seventh RTD Framework Programme [266044]
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PurposeExcessive consumption of free sugar increases the risk for non-communicable diseases where a proper assessment of this intake is necessary to correctly estimate its association with certain diseases. Urinary sugars have been suggested as objective biomarkers for total and free sugar intake in adults but less is known about this marker in children and adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study is to evaluate the relative validity of self-reported intake using urinary sugars in children and adolescents.MethodsThe study was conducted in a convenience subsample of 228 participants aged 5-18years of the I.Family study that investigates the determinants of food choices, lifestyle and health in European families. Total, free and intrinsic sugar intake (g/day) and sugar density (g/1000kcal) were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls (24HDRs). Urinary sucrose (USUC) and urinary fructose (UFRU) were measured in morning urine samples and corrected for creatinine excretion (USUC/Cr, UFRU/Cr). Correlation coefficients, the method of triads and linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between intake of different types of sugar and urinary sugars.ResultsThe correlation between usual sugar density calculated from multiple 24HDRs and the sum of USUC/Cr and UFRU/Cr (USUC/Cr+UFRU/Cr) was 0.38 (p<0.001). The method of triads revealed validity coefficients for the 24HDR from 0.64 to 0.87. Linear regression models showed statistically significant positive associations between USUC/Cr+UFRU/Cr and the intake of total and free sugar.ConclusionsThese findings support the relative validity of total and free sugar intake assessed by self-reported 24HDRs in children and adolescents.
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