The interaction between apolipoprotein B insertion/deletion polymorphism and macronutrient intake on lipid profile and serum leptin and ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

PurposeWe aimed to study whether macronutrient intake could modify the association between ApoB Ins/Del and lipid profile, and serum leptin and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsIn this study, 700 T2DM patients were recruited. Anthropometric, biochemical and molecular data were collected, and Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The interactions were tested using ANCOVA.ResultsDel-allele carriers with high-MUFA and carbohydrate (12 and 54% of energy, respectively) had significantly higher TG (P=0.04) and LDL-C (P=0.02) compared to Ins/Ins homozygotes, and these were not significant in subjects with low-MUFA and -carbohydrate (<12 and <54%, respectively). A significant interaction was observed between ApoB Ins/Del and diet on TG in both unadjusted (P=0.03) and adjusted models (model 2 and 3, P=0.04 and P=0.04, respectively), and on LDL-C only in adjusted models (model 2 and 3, P=0.03 and P=0.029, respectively). Besides, Del-allele carriers with protein, SFA, MUFA and n-3PUFA of 14, 9, 12 and 0.6%, respectively, had a significant increase in their serum leptin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P<0.05). However, these associations were not significant between the two genetic groups in subjects with low intakes of protein, SFA, MUFA and n-3PUFA. Moreover, Del-allele carriers with low carbohydrate (<54%) had significantly higher leptin and ghrelin than Ins/Ins homozygotes (P<0.05), however, in high-carbohydrate group, leptin and ghrelin were not significantly lower.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the interaction between ApoB Ins/Del and dietary intake of MUFA, SFA, n-3PUFA, carbohydrate and protein could modulate the serum levels of TG, LDL-C, leptin and ghrelin in T2DM patients.