Magnetic ground state of nanosized β-Fe2O3 and its remarkable electronic features

To date, iron oxides have been extensively investigated for promising high applicability in various scientific and industrial fields. In general, several forms can be distinguished with respect to their crystal structure, which drives their specific physical (in particular, magnetic) properties. In this study, the pure beta-Fe2O3 phase, prepared in a nanoparticle form by a solid-state synthetic strategy, was investigated by employing Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetization measurements, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, heat capacity measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. It is revealed that below the Neel transition temperature, beta-Fe2O3 behaves as a canted antiferromagnet with a small net magnetic moment. For further possible utilization in photoelectrochemical applications, an estimation of the beta-Fe2O3 band gap by cyclic voltammetry was performed, which was measured to be similar to 2.2 eV.