Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 2, Pages 886-894Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06476
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Funding
- Major International Joint Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [51420105012]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21677165, 21407166]
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In the present study, Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 1, 10, and 100 mu g/L of carbamazepine (CBZ) under flow-through conditions for 28 d. A hepatic-specific custom microarray identified 111 and 71 differentially expressed genes in the livers of females and males, respectively, exposed to 100 mu g/L of CBZ (ratio >= 2, p <= 0.05). The levels of five differentially expressed genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis were quantified by qPCR, and the results indicated the feasibility of screening endocrine-disrupting chemicals using a custom microarray. The mRNA levels of genes related to the HPG axis differed significantly in different organs of Chinese rare minnows (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the 11-ketotestosterone and plasma vitellogenin levels in all treatments and in the 17 beta-estradiol (E2) levels in the 100 mu g/L CBZ treatment. In contrast, the gonadosomatic index was significantly higher in females and slightly higher in males without significant differences. A pathological analysis determined that 10 and 100 mu g/L of CBZ could lead to ova-testis in males and significantly promoted ovum maturation in females. Therefore, our results demonstrate that environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ have homologous estrogenic activity and induce reproductive toxicity in Chinese rare minnows.
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