Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
Volume 80, Issue -, Pages 21-27Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.11.002
Keywords
Environmental convergence; Ecological footprint; Club convergence; Environmental policy
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The ecological footprint has currently become a highly popular environmental performance indicator. It provides the basis for setting goals, identifying options for action, and tracking progress toward stated goals. This paper investigates the convergence of the per capita ecological footprint by employing the annual data for the case of the European Union countries, spanning the period 1961 to 2013. The methodology follows the club clustering approach and the empirical findings document the presence of certain convergent clubs. These empirical results clarify the differences in terms of environmental quality, as well as the awareness strategies the EU members in each club need to follow.
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