Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 161, Issue -, Pages 276-283Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.013
Keywords
Indoor exposure; Microbial load; Green space; Grey space; Asthma; Allergic rhinitis
Funding
- Institute de Salud Carlos III [Red INMA G03/176, FIS-PI06/0867, FIS-PS09/00090, FIS-PI13/02187, CB06/02/0041, PI041436, PI081151]
- Spanish Ministry of Health [FIS-FEDER PI042018, PI09/02311, PI13/02429]
- Obra Social Cajastur/Fundacion Liberbank
- University of Oviedo
- Department of Health of the Basque Government [2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089]
- Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa [DFG06/004, DFG08/001]
- Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT [1999SGR 00241]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FEDER funds)
- Fundacio La marato de TV3 [090430]
- UE(FP7-ENV) [282957, HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1]
- Spain: Institute de Salud Carlos III [Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041, FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 09/02647, 11/0178, 11/01007, 11/02591, 11/02038, 13/1944, 13/2032, 14/0891, 14/1687]
- Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana
- Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich
- Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF Dusseldorf) [FKZ 20462296]
- Commission of the European Communities, 7th Framework Program: MeDALL project
- company Mead Johnson
- company Nestle
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig
- Marien-Hospital Wesel
- Pediatric Practice, Bad Honnef
- Federal Ministry for Environment (IUF) [FKZ 20462296]
- European Communities, 7th Framework Program (MeDALL project)
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
- Swedish Research Council Formas
- Swedish Environment Protection Agency
- European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) [211250]
- Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association Research Foundation
- Stockholm County Council
- European Respiratory Society Fellowship [RESPIRE2 - 2015- 7251]
- Ramon y Cajal fellowship - Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [RYC-2012-10995]
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H-MSCA-IF) [704268]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [704268] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Objective: We integratively assessed the effect of different indoor and outdoor environmental exposures early in life on respiratory and allergic health conditions among children from (sub-) urban areas. Methods: This study included children participating in four ongoing European birth cohorts located in three different geographical regions: INMA (Spain), LISAplus (Germany), GINIplus (Germany) and BAMSE (Sweden). Wheezing, bronchitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis throughout childhood were assessed using parental-completed questionnaires. We designed environmental scores corresponding to different indoor, green- and grey-related exposures (main analysis, a-priori-approach). Cohort-specific associations between these environmental scores and the respiratory health outcomes were assessed using random-effects meta-analyses. In addition, a factor analysis was performed based on the same exposure information used to develop the environmental scores (confirmatory analysis, data-driven-approach). Results: A higher early exposure to the indoor environmental score increased the risk for wheezing and bronchitis within the first year of life (combined adjusted odds ratio: 1.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.27] and 1.28 [1.18-1.39], respectively). In contrast, there was an inverse association with allergic rhinitis between 6 and 8 years (0.85 [0.79-0.92]). There were no statistically significant associations for the outdoor related environmental scores in relation to any of the health outcomes tested. The factor analysis conducted confirmed these trends. Conclusion: Although a higher exposure to indoor related exposure through occupants was associated with anincreased risk for wheezing and bronchitis within the 1st year, it might serve as a preventive mechanism against later childhood allergic respiratory outcomes in urbanized environments through enhanced shared contact with microbial agents.
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