Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 240, Issue -, Pages 793-801Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.002
Keywords
Atrazine; Montmorillonite; Indole-3-acetic acid; Hydrated electron; Hydroxyl radical
Categories
Funding
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2014CB441102]
- National Science Foundation of China [21237002, 21777066]
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality
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Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) is a commonly used agricultural herbicide that, as a result, is frequently detected in surface and ground water. In this study, we provide evidence of the photo-oxidation of atrazine under environmentally relevant conditions, specifically, in the presence of natural montmorillonite clay and the ubiquitous phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The reaction is initiated by the generation of hydrated electrons from the photo-ionization of IAA. These electrons react with protons and dissolved oxygen to form hydroxyl radicals, which promote the further degradation of atrazine. Montmorillonite strongly enhances the yield of hydrated electrons and prolongs their lifetime, by stabilizing radical cations through electrostatic attraction by the negative charges embedded in the clay. Moreover, by providing a confined space, montmorillonite markedly increases the probability of contact between atrazine and the active radicals. Other factors strongly influencing the degradation process are the solution pH, the type of exchangeable cations present in the clay interlayer, and the hydration status of montmorillonite. Since both IAA and montmorillonite clay are widely distributed in the environment, the proposed reaction is predicted to play an important role in the degradation of atrazine and perhaps other potentially persistent organic contaminants. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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