Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
Volume 190, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6502-0
Keywords
Diel variation; Floating chamber method; Gas transfer equation; Indirect emission; Irrigation watershed; Nitrous oxide; Seasonal variation
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [41301244, 41225003]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFD0201200]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [KYTZ 201404, KYZ201621]
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Agricultural nitrate leaching and runoff incurs high nitrogen loads in agricultural irrigation watersheds, constituting one of important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). Two independent sampling campaigns of N2O flux measurement over diel cycles and N2O flux measurements once a week over annual cycles were carried out in an agricultural irrigation watershed in southeast China using floating chamber (chamber-based) and gas transfer equation (model-based) methods. The diel and seasonal patterns of N2O fluxes did not differ between the two measurement methods. The diel variation in N2O fluxes was characterized by the pattern that N2O fluxes were greater during nighttime than daytime periods with a single flux peak at midnight. The diel variation in N2O fluxes was closely associated with water environment and chemistry. The time interval of 9:00-11:00 a.m. was identified to be the sampling time best representing daily N2O flux measurements in agricultural irrigation watersheds. Seasonal N2O fluxes showed large variation, with some flux peaks corresponding to agricultural irrigation and drainage episodes and heavy rainfall during the crop-growing period of May to November. On average, N2O fluxes calculated by model-based methods were 27% lower than those determined by the chamber-based techniques over diel or annual cycles. Overall, more measurement campaigns are highly needed to assess regional agricultural N2O budget with low uncertainties.
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