Genetic polymorphisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Evidence for implication in detoxification pathways of environmental toxicants

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, and occurring in both sporadic and familial form. The origin of the disease is unknown, though increasing evidence suggests that the interaction between genetic and environmental factors may increase susceptibility to ALS, including its sporadic form. Although genetic mutations have been correlated to the familial type of ALS, relatively little is known about the sporadic type (sALS). Genetic factors concerning pesticide metabolism and heavy metal detoxification are increasing the susceptibility to sALS. This review focuses on the genes implicated in metabolic detoxification pathways of environmental toxicants and their potential role in ALS susceptibility.